Two-phase cooling for electronics: performance, limits and test requirements
Thermal · August 2026 · Time to read approx. 25 min · 32 sources
Flow boiling in parallel channels and the Ledinegg instability. A load change of 0.6 W can cause a temperature jump of 95 K. In addition, the rules of ASHRAE, OCP and JEDEC and the open situation for the fluids.
High-temperature materials in 3D printing for fluid-carrying components
Materials and manufacture · August 2026 · Time to read approx. 30 min · 43 sources
238 °C on the data sheet can mean 101 °C under load. For PA12 built in the vertical direction, the pressure to the first leak decreases by more than 2 orders of magnitude. This decrease occurs between a wall thickness of 0.6 mm and 0.4 mm. In addition, the requirements of the Pressure Equipment Directive.
Leak rate measurement: methods, detection limits and conversion
Test technology · August 2026 · Time to read approx. 25 min · 32 sources
A comparison of the detection limits of the methods over 8 decades. Conversion between gases and units. A temperature drift of 0.1 K can reverse the sign of a pressure decay measurement.
Test benches and the Machinery Regulation from 2027-01-20
Law · August 2026 · Time to read approx. 25 min · 21 sources
The Machinery Regulation replaces the Machinery Directive without a coexistence period. The substantial modification is in EU law for the first time. In addition, the digital instructions for use with online availability for a minimum of 10 years. Also the protection against corruption as an essential safety requirement.
Proof of ± 0.1 K: measurement uncertainty, traceability and acceptance
Metrology · August 2026 · Time to read approx. 30 min · 40 sources
Decision rule and guard band, the value of a calibration certificate as evidence and the uncertainties that you can get for each measured quantity. The temperature spread sets the uncertainty budget of a heat output.
Performance map to EN 14511 and EN 14825: requirements for the test bench
Heat pumps · August 2026 · Time to read approx. 30 min · 29 sources
± 0.15 K on the temperature difference, measured values every 10 s during the defrost and the 4 part-load points of the average climate. In addition, the effects of the change of refrigerant on the test bench.
